We have a winner - this article has a year's worth of stuff to look into.
An aromatic lexicon: Comprehensive fragrance database offers insights into human perception of odors
Feb 2025, phys.org
University of Jena and Technical University of Dresden's Olfactorial Perceptronics Fundamental Odor Database - The project brings together various research disciplines: psychology, physics, chemistry, materials science, and medicine. For the database, they had more than 1,200 test subjects smell 74 monomolecular odor samples, then describe what they perceived with their nose in their own words and also used a rating scale to assess, among other things, how pleasant or intense they found the respective odor.
Paywalled results https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-04644-2
Public-access app (German language only) https://crown-dataset.streamlit.app/
University of Jena and colleagues from Finland, Israel and the Czech Republic Smart Electronic Olfaction for Body Odor Diagnostics or SMELLODI - The researchers asked 2,600 test subjects in 17 countries how they would describe the odor of individual parts of the body and how it differs when a person is ill or has been exercising. This resulted in a catalogue of descriptions for various odors in 13 languages, which produces clear overlaps and thus allows general statements to be made about how certain areas of the body smell. The test subjects perceived armpit odor as sweaty, sour and stinky, they described bad breath as either fresh or stinky and foot odor as cheesy.
Paywalled results https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-04630-8
Public-access app https://bow-descriptors.streamlit.app/
Here's a sample of the Standardized Lexicon of Body Odor Words, in English:
- "healthy" - fresh, clean, neutral, sweet, natural
- "after exercise" - sweaty, strong, salty, sour, musky, ... wet,
- "from the mouth" - food, rotten, minty, sour, foul, gross, garlicky, fresh, strong,
- "from the feet" - sweaty, sour, cheesy, stinky, pungent, strong, dirty, smelly, bad
- "from the female genitals" - fishy, sour, sweet, musky, ... metallic, ... salty,
- "from the male genitals" - sweaty, musky, salty, musty, sour, cheesy, stale, urine, ... fishy,
- "stressed" - sweaty, sour, strong, pungent, stinky, sharp, salty,
- "from the armpit" - sweaty, strong, sour, musky, salty, sweet, ...
via University of Jena and TU Dresden: Antonie Louise Bierling et al, A dataset of laymen olfactory perception for 74 mono-molecular odors, Scientific Data (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41597-025-04644-2
Also: Antonie L. Bierling et al, A standardized lexicon of body odor words crafted from 17 countries, Scientific Data (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41597-025-04630-8
Mostly unrelated image credit: AI Art - The Great Pheromone Distributor - Damien Hirst's Pharmacy 1992 - 2024
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